HFP01 测量土壤热通量,通常用于能量平衡系统或波文比通量系统。每个站点至少需要2个土壤热通量传感器,才能提供足够的空间平均。带有非均匀介质的站点可能需要更多的传感器。
HFP01使用热电堆来测量通过传感器板上的温度梯度。以完全被动的方式工作,传感器生成小的输出电压,与温差成比例。假设热通量是稳定的,传感器主体的热传导率为常数,以及传感器对热流量模式的影响可忽略,那么HFP01 的信号就直接与局地的热通量成比例。
HFP01输出毫伏信号,要将测量得到的毫伏信号转换成热通量,还需要将其除以传感器的校准常数。每个传感器出厂时都有唯一的校准常数。
Sensor Type | Thermopile |
Sensitivity | 50 μV W-1 m-2 (nominal) |
Nominal Resistance | 2 Ω |
Temperature Range | -30° to +70°C |
Sensor Thermal Resistance | < 6.25 x 10-3 K m2 W-1 |
Measurement Range | ±2000 W m-2 |
Expected Typical Accuracy | Within -15% to +5% in most common soils (12 hour totals) |
Plate Diameter | 80 mm (3.15 in.) |
Plate Thickness | 5 mm (0.20 in.) |
Weight | 200 g (7.05 oz) without cable |
HFP01-L: 9
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Yes, however, care must be taken to ensure a water-tight splice, such as by using an adhesive-lined heat shrink to cover the splice. This is important because splicing cable together increases the likelihood that water may enter the cable and cause shorting, corrosion, and some other potential issues, which can cause measurement issues.
Because of the potential issues, do not splice any sensor cable without first contacting Campbell Scientific to discuss the sensor in detail.
It depends on the sign convention used to describe heat flux through the wall. Heat flux that enters the red face and exits the blue face of the HFP01-L results in a positive analog output or positive heat. If the plate is already installed and it is desirable to use the opposite sign convention, change the sign of the multiplier to make it a negative value.
The information included on a calibration sheet differs with each sensor. For some sensors, the sheet contains coefficients necessary to program a data logger. For other sensors, the calibration sheet is a pass/fail report.
This depends on the information contained in the calibration sheet:
大多数 Campbell Scientific 传感器的型号中都带有 –L,它表示用户指定线缆长度。如果传感器型号名称列有 –LX (这里 “X” 是其它的某个字符), 那么该传感器需要用户指定长度,但线缆尾端会配有用于某个独特系统的特殊快速接头:
如果一个传感器的主型号数字的后面没有被指定 –L 或其它的 –LX 字符,那么该传感器将具有固定的线缆长度。在产品页面订购栏中 (Ordering tab) 的描述字段的末尾,会列出线缆的长度。例如 034B-ET 型号的描述字段含有信息:Met One风传感器适用于ET气象站,67英寸线缆 (Met One Wind Set for ET Station, 67 inch Cable)。产品按固定的线缆长度做尾端处理,默认是尾线方式。
如果线缆尾端配有用于某个独特系统的特殊快速接头,则型号尾部的字符会指定该传感器用于哪一个系统。例如,034B-ET 型号表明该传感器是一个 034B 且用于 ET107 系统。
不是每一种传感器都有不同的线缆尾端选项。通过查找传感器产品页面的订购栏 (Ordering tab) 中的两个位置,可以检查某种特定传感器的可用的线缆尾端选项:
如果传感器以 –ET, –ETM, –LC, –LQ, 或 –QD 等版本的型号供应,那么线缆尾端选项已经反映在该传感器的产品型号中。例如,034B 以 034B-ET, 034B-ETM, 034B-LC, 034B-LQ, 和 034B-QD 等型号供应。
所有其它的线缆尾端选项,如果可用,会列在该传感器产品页面的订购栏 (Ordering tab) 中的线缆尾端选项 (“Cable Termination Options) 区域。例如,034B-L 风速风向传感器具有 –CWS, –PT, 和 –PW 等线缆尾端选项,显示在 034B-L 产品页面的 订购栏 (Ordering tab) 位置。
注: 当更新的产品添加到我们的库存中时,一般来说,我们会在单个传感器的产品型号下面列出多种线缆尾端选项,而不是创建多个产品型号。例如,HC2S3-L 具有 –C 线缆尾端选项用于连接到 CS110,而我们并没有使用 HC2S3-LC 产品型号。
The HFP01-L uses a thermopile to measure flux across the plate. The output of a thermopile is proportional to the temperature gradient across the thermopile. The HFP01-L nominal calibration is 20 W m-2 /mV. The HFP01-L output voltage will depend on the temperature gradient (flux) across the plate.
Because of the loss of IR radiation, nearly all thermopile instruments typically have a negative offset. This offset is most easily visible at night-time, when a small negative value is read instead of zero. This same offset is present during the daytime, but it is not as visible because of the large solar signal.
Another common issue involves leveling an instrument. Leveling a thermopile instrument can cause errors in the direct beam component because the cosine response is not correct. These errors are more notable when the sun is close to the horizon because the angle is so shallow.
Campbell Scientific 的很多传感器都有可行的不同线缆尾端处理选项,包括以下几种:
注: 线缆尾端选项的可行性因传感器而异。例如,传感器可能会有 无选项、两个选项或几个选项可供选择。如果预期的选项没有列在所指定的传感器中,请联系 Campbell Scientific 的应用工程师寻求帮助。